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Mar 13 2018 · The Advantages of Open Pit Mining Pit mining is more cost effective than shaft mining because more ore can be extracted and more quickly The working conditions are safer for the miners because there is no risk of cave in or toxic gas Open pit mining is the preferred method for mining gold silver and uranium This type of mining is also used to dig for coal and building stone
Underground mining is used when an economically viable deposit is situated sufficiently deep such that open pit mining is cost prohibitive There exist many underground mining techniques i open stoping Fig 1 ii roomandpillar iii sublevel caving iv driftandfill v longwall and vi block caving
Jul 12 2012 · Currently Chuquicamata which is located 1650 km north of the Chilean capital of Santiago is the largest open pit copper mine in the world
Open pit mining where material is excavated from an open pit is one of the most common forms of mining for strategic minerals This type of mining is particularly damaging to the environment because strategic minerals are often only available in small concentrations which increases the amount of ore needed to be mined
Transition from open pit to underground mining often risks mud rushes if mud forming minerals are present and from sumps and surface dams Air blasts can result from underground collapses or mud rushes The presence of an abandoned pit above can lead to greater risks of dilution and mud rushes
Openpit Mining Openpit mining also known as opencast mining opencut mining and strip mining means a process of digging out rock or minerals from the earth by their elimination from an open pit or borrow The word is used to distinguish this type of mining from
underground operation located below the open pit mine slope strain can be expected as a result of subsidence induced by underground exploitation Changes in physical and mechanical properties of rock mass groundwater levels and the state of stress inside the slope can lead to slope deformation Enormous disaster at the mine Palabora South Africa
Jul 22 2019 · It is South Africa''s largest openpit mine measuring almost 2 kilometers wide It is about half the width of the world''s largest openpit mine which is at Bingham Canyon in Ut Copper mining began at Palabora in 1965 and by 1967 the openpit mine was fully operational
Openpit opencast or open cut mining is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow This form of mining differs from extractive methods that require tunnelling into the earth such as long wall mining Openpit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface
Dec 23 2018 · Openpit mining is either done with a fleet of haul trucks some now automated or an inpit crushing and conveying system IPCC Underground mines are accessed via a shaft or ramp
PDF In the study a method based economical block models of OP and Ug to determine the Optimum Transition Depth OTD from OpenPit OP to Underground Ug mining was
In order to smooth ore production during the transition from open pit to underground mining at Yanqianshan Iron Mine China it is necessary to select an appropriate mining method to operate
Underground Mining is generally used for areas where the mineral seam is too far underground for open cut mining to be of use A tunnel called a decline is created to allow workers and machinery to reach the location of the minerals Stope mining is used for most hard rock mining of minerals such as copper silver lead and zinc
Palabora mine is one of the steepest and deepest large open pits in the world with a radius of about 15 km and a depth of about 800 m The geology of the mine a volcanic plug is extremely complex
The ShiRenGou iron ore mine of Hebei Iron and Steel Group China transitioned from open pit to underground mining using sublevel open stoping based on the orebody geometry and ground conditions In order to ensure open pit slope stability the thickness of the crown pillar at ShiRenGou iron ore mine was set as 22 m 29 36 If the crown pillar was not recovered it would result in a permanent loss of
Openpit mining or opencast mining is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow This form of mining differs from extractive methods that require tunneling into the earth such as long wall mining
Openpit mining is much safer than shaft mining In underground mining the threat of a cavein or release of toxic gas is a constant concern When shaft mining was the most common method of ore extraction thousands died in caveins gas events and accidents involving equipment In 1907 alone more than 3200 deaths related to mining occurred
Apr 27 2015 · The many advantages of underground mining Choosing between openpit mining and underground mining is a decision that every mining company makes but it is not based on the miner''s whim and predilection Selection always depends on the geometry properties of the deposit its position location and type
Reading OpenPit Mining Openpit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful minerals or rocks are found near the surface that is where the overburden surface material covering the valuable deposit is relatively thin or the material of interest is structurally unsuitable for tunneling as would be the case for sand cinder and gravel
Open Pit Mines are so named because that''s exactly what they are big open pits in the ground The idea is to progressively dig through layers of mineral and orerich earth separating out that ore or
Open pit mining is a technique used to extract copper ore near the earths surface Open pit mining is the most widely used technique of mining copper today It is accomplished by creating and using benches or terraces to gradually reach deeper under the earths surface Underground mining is used when the copper ore is not near the earths surface
Openpit mining methods are applicable to mining ore deposits that apex at or near the surface If the deposit apexes below the surface the overburden and barren capping overlying the ore must be removed in advance of openpit mining The removal of this material is known as stripping
Oct 21 2017 · Opencut is also a good method for gold and copper Underground mining Underground mining occurs underground through the creation of tunnels These tunnels go deep into the mineral seam This can be in excess of hundreds of metres Tunnels are necessary to move equipment into the mineral zone Coal is the largest portion of underground mining
mine on the same orebody left and the typical change in the shape of the open pit mine as a result of the underground opportunity right Nilsson''s paper predated the wide availability of pit optimisation software and he did not give a detailed account of the calculations leading to a change in the pit shape
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